What describes a system that can exchange both energy and matter with its surroundings?

A system that can exchange both energy and matter with its surroundings is classified as an open system. This occurs in various real-world applications and processes, such as in biological systems or industrial setups, where both materials and energy are actively exchanged with the environment.

In an open system, substances can enter or leave the system, allowing for continuous interaction with the surroundings. For example, a tree takes in carbon dioxide and water while releasing oxygen and glucose, demonstrating the flow of matter and energy between the tree and its environment.

This concept is essential for understanding many processes in engineering, environmental science, and thermodynamics, as it reflects the dynamic nature of systems that interact with their surroundings to perform work or transform energy. In contrast, the other types of systems—closed and isolated—restrict either energy or matter exchange significantly, thereby not fitting the description provided in the question.