What force attracts all objects with mass towards each other?

The gravitational force is the universal force that attracts all objects with mass towards each other. This fundamental interaction is responsible for a wide range of phenomena, from the falling of an apple to the ground to the orbits of planets around the sun. Gravitational force acts over long distances and is always attractive, meaning it pulls masses together, regardless of their size.

This force is described by Newton's law of universal gravitation, which states that the force between two masses is directly proportional to the product of their masses and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between their centers. Thus, gravitational force plays a crucial role in the structure and behavior of the universe at both large and small scales.

The other forces, while significant in their own contexts, do not uniformly apply to all objects with mass. The electromagnetic force operates between charged particles, the nuclear force holds protons and neutrons together in atomic nuclei, and frictional force arises from the interaction of surfaces in contact. Hence, none of these options encompasses the universal attraction present in all masses as gravitational force does.