What is a process layout in manufacturing?

A process layout in manufacturing refers to the grouping of similar equipment together regardless of the product being produced. This type of layout is designed to facilitate the efficient flow of materials and work-in-progress between different departments often based on the specific processes involved.

The process layout is particularly beneficial in environments where a variety of products with different processing needs are manufactured, allowing for flexibility in production. For example, in a machine shop, similar machines (like lathes, drills, and grinders) are situated in one area, enabling workers to move from one machine to another as needed based on the specific tasks required for different jobs.

This contrasts with other manufacturing layouts such as product layouts, which organize equipment in a sequence that aligns with the steps of a particular production process catering to high-volume production, and fixed-position layouts, which are suitable for one-off or large products. The nature of a process layout supports lower volumes and a higher variety of products, making it essential for facilities that produce customized or small batch items.