What is a testable statement predicting the outcome of a study called?

A testable statement predicting the outcome of a study is known as a hypothesis. This concept is fundamental in scientific research, as a hypothesis provides a clear, specific, and testable prediction about the relationship between variables. It serves as a basis for experimentation and investigation, allowing researchers to conduct studies that can support or refute the initial prediction.

Formulating a hypothesis is often one of the first steps in the scientific method, guiding the research process and helping to establish a pathway for data collection and analysis. This distinguishes it from other terms such as conclusion, which refers to the outcome or interpretation of the study after the data has been analyzed, observation, which is the act of noting and recording something, or theory, which is a broader explanation of observed phenomena that has been repeatedly tested and supported by evidence.