What process involves forming solid material using heat and pressure below its melting point to enhance strength and conductivity?

The process that involves forming solid material using heat and pressure below its melting point to enhance strength and conductivity is sintering. During sintering, powdered material is compacted and then heated to a temperature that is high enough to cause the particles to bond together without actually melting them. This results in a denser, stronger material that retains the properties of the original powder. Sintering is particularly effective for materials like metals and ceramics, and it improves their mechanical properties and electrical conductivity.

The significance of keeping the temperature below the melting point is essential to avoid liquid formation, which could lead to unwanted structural changes. This process is widely used in the production of various components in engineering applications, integrating the advantages of high strength and improved performance characteristics.