What system integrates computer systems to monitor or control physical devices?

The term that best describes a system that integrates computer systems to monitor or control physical devices is known as a Cyber-Physical System. This concept combines computational elements with physical processes. In a Cyber-Physical System, various components that include sensors, actuators, and embedded systems interconnect with computing networks to enable real-time monitoring and control of physical environments.

These systems are designed to facilitate interaction between human operators and physical devices, allowing for automation, data collection, and enhanced decision-making processes. For instance, in smart manufacturing, a Cyber-Physical System can optimize production lines by monitoring machinery performance and making adjustments in real-time to improve efficiency and reduce downtime.

While the Internet of Things (IoT) involves connecting physical devices to the internet for data exchange, it is a broader concept that encompasses many applications beyond just monitoring and control. Cloud Computing focuses on delivering services over the internet and storing data remotely, but it does not primarily deal with the direct integration of computational and physical systems. Robotics typically involves programmed machines or devices that perform tasks, but it does not encompass the entire framework of monitoring and control provided by Cyber-Physical Systems.

Therefore, Cyber-Physical Systems are crucial for advanced integration of technology with the physical world, enabling sophisticated automation and control