What type of semiconductor has electrons as the majority charge carriers?

N-type semiconductors are characterized by having electrons as the majority charge carriers. This type of semiconductor is created by doping a pure semiconductor, such as silicon, with an element that has more valence electrons than silicon. Common dopants for N-type semiconductors include phosphorus and arsenic, which have five valence electrons compared to silicon's four.

When these dopants are introduced into the silicon lattice, they contribute extra electrons, which are free to move and carry charge, making them the dominant carriers in this material. This is contrasted with P-type semiconductors, where "holes" (the absence of electrons) are the majority carriers, resulting from doping with elements that have fewer valence electrons.

Intrinsically conductive materials have an equal number of free electrons and holes at a given temperature, while superconductors demonstrate zero electrical resistance below a certain temperature and are not classified by their charge carrier types in the same way as semiconductors. Therefore, the correct choice reflects the defining characteristic of N-type semiconductors and their reliance on electrons for electrical conduction.