Which method is used to analyze physical systems in terms of their components and interactions?

The reductionist method is used to analyze physical systems by breaking them down into their constituent parts to study the interactions and functions of each component. This approach aligns with the philosophy that understanding the individual elements of a system can lead to a comprehensive understanding of the whole system. It emphasizes isolating and examining each part separately, which can help identify how these components work together to generate complex behaviors in the system.

In contrast, the systematic analysis generally refers to a methodical approach that may not specifically emphasize the breakdown of components. The holistic method looks at the system as a whole rather than focusing on individual parts, while empirical research relies on observation and experimentation rather than theoretical breakdowns. Thus, the reductionist method is specifically tailored to understand systems through their components and interactions, making it the correct choice.