Which method of data representation uses colored segments to show proportions of a whole?

The method of data representation that uses colored segments to illustrate proportions of a whole is the pie chart. A pie chart visually divides a circle into slices, where each slice represents a category's contribution to the total. The size of each slice is proportional to the quantity it represents, making it easy to compare parts of a whole at a glance.

Pie charts are particularly effective for displaying relative percentages, as they provide an intuitive understanding of how individual segments relate to the complete dataset. The use of different colors for each segment enhances clarity, allowing viewers to quickly identify and differentiate between categories. This visual format is commonly used in presentations and reports to communicate data in a straightforward, engaging manner.

In contrast, other options like column charts and histograms focus on comparing quantities across different categories or intervals, while area charts emphasize trends over time rather than proportions of a whole.