Which term describes the effect of increasing fluid speed with decreasing pressure?

The phenomenon of increasing fluid speed accompanied by a decrease in pressure is accurately described by Bernoulli's Principle. This principle indicates that in a flowing fluid, an increase in velocity occurs simultaneously with a decrease in pressure or potential energy. It can be seen in various applications, such as air flowing over an airplane wing, where the design causes a difference in pressure that enables lift.

Bernoulli's Principle relates closely to the conservation of energy in fluid flow, as it asserts that the total mechanical energy of the fluid (which includes pressure energy, kinetic energy due to its velocity, and potential energy related to height) remains constant along a streamline in an ideal fluid under steady-state conditions. This allows engineers and scientists to predict how fluids will behave under different conditions, making it vital in fields like aerodynamics and hydrodynamics.

The other terms, while related to fluid behavior, do not specifically capture this relationship between fluid speed and pressure in the way Bernoulli's Principle does. Hydrostatic pressure pertains to the pressure exerted by a fluid in a state of rest, Torricelli's Law focuses on the speed of efflux of fluid under gravity, and fluid dynamics is the broader study of fluids in motion without the specific pressure-speed relationship described.