Which type of heat transfer occurs via electromagnetic waves and requires no medium?

The correct answer is radiation because it is the process of heat transfer that occurs through electromagnetic waves, allowing energy to be transmitted through a vacuum or any medium, including air. Unlike convection, which relies on the movement of fluids (liquids or gases), and conduction, which involves direct contact between materials to transfer heat, radiation does not depend on any material medium to propagate. This is why heat from the sun reaches the Earth through the vacuum of space via radiation. Induction, on the other hand, is a method of heating that involves the generation of heat in a conductor using an electromagnetic field, suggesting it also requires material interaction to be effective. Thus, radiation stands out as the unique mechanism that can transfer heat without a physical medium.